A qualitative research on supportive care needs of patient with inflammatory bowel disease / 中国实用护理杂志

Objective:To deeply explore the supportive care needs of patients with inflammatory bowel disease, in order to provide reference for the development of supportive care strategies.Methods:A qualitative description was conducted based on the supportive care needs framework. Objective sampling method was used to select 17 patients with inflammatory bowel disease from the First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University from August to November 2021 for semi-structured in-depth interview and directed content analysis was used to analyze the interview data.Results:The final analysis yielded a total of 5 categories. These were physiological need, information need, practical (daily life) need, emotional and social support need, psychological and spiritual needs. They were all within the framework of supporting care needs.Conclusions:In the future, targeted education and diversified social support should be implemented based on the needs of patients with inflammatory bowel disease and from the perspectives of hospital, family members and peers.

Application of fiberoptic endoscopic examination of swallowing combined with dye test in silent aspiration after stroke / 中国康复理论与实践

ObjectiveTo explore the diagnostic value of fiberoptic endoscopic examination of swallowing (FEES) combined with dye test in patients with post-stroke dysphagia and silent aspiration. MethodsFrom December, 2021 to June, 2022, 50 stroke patients in the Rehabilitation Department of Xuzhou Central Hospital were selected. They were assessed with FEES and videofluoroscopic swallowing study (VFSS), and compared. ResultsThe detection rate of aspiration was higher with FEES than with VFSS (χ2 = 7.000, P < 0.05), and especially for liquid food (χ2 = 4.000, P < 0.05). There was a good consistency when consuming paste food (κ = 0.941, P < 0.001) and solid food (κ = 0.779, P < 0.001). There was a good consistency in the food residue site between two methods (κ = 0.818, P < 0.001), as well as for all the three food types (κ ≥ 0.862, P < 0.001). There was no significant difference in the scores of Penetration Aspiration Scale of three food types between two methods (Z < 0.667, P > 0.05). ConclusionFEES combined with dye test can be used for evaluating silent aspiration after stroke.

Somatostatin-Positive Neurons in the Rostral Zona Incerta Modulate Innate Fear-Induced Defensive Response in Mice / 神经科学通报·英文版

Defensive behaviors induced by innate fear or Pavlovian fear conditioning are crucial for animals to avoid threats and ensure survival. The zona incerta (ZI) has been demonstrated to play important roles in fear learning and fear memory, as well as modulating auditory-induced innate defensive behavior. However, whether the neuronal subtypes in the ZI and specific circuits can mediate the innate fear response is largely unknown. Here, we found that somatostatin (SST)-positive neurons in the rostral ZI of mice were activated by a visual innate fear stimulus. Optogenetic inhibition of SST-positive neurons in the rostral ZI resulted in reduced flight responses to an overhead looming stimulus. Optogenetic activation of SST-positive neurons in the rostral ZI induced fear-like defensive behavior including increased immobility and bradycardia. In addition, we demonstrated that manipulation of the GABAergic projections from SST-positive neurons in the rostral ZI to the downstream nucleus reuniens (Re) mediated fear-like defensive behavior. Retrograde trans-synaptic tracing also revealed looming stimulus-activated neurons in the superior colliculus (SC) that projected to the Re-projecting SST-positive neurons in the rostral ZI (SC-ZIrSST-Re pathway). Together, our study elucidates the function of SST-positive neurons in the rostral ZI and the SC-ZIrSST-Re tri-synaptic circuit in mediating the innate fear response.

High efficiency of left superior frontal gyrus and the symptom features of major depressive disorder / 中南大学学报(医学版)

OBJECTIVES@#Major depressive disorder (MDD) patients with anhedonia tend to have a poor prognosis. The underlying imaging basis for anhedonia in MDD remains largely unknown. The relationship between nodal properties and anhedonia in MDD patients need to be further investigated. Herein, this study aims to explore differences of cerebral functional node characteristics in MDD patients with severe anhedonia (MDD-SA) and MDD patients with mild anhedonia (MDD-MA) before and after the antidepressant treatment.@*METHODS@#Ninety participants with current MDD were recruited in this study. 24-Item Hamilton Depression Scale (HAMD-24) and Snaith-Hamilton Pleasure Scale (SHAPS) were used to assess the severity of depression and anhedonia at baseline and the end of 6-months treatment. The MDD patients who scored above the 25th percentile on the SHAPS were assigned to an MDD-SA group (n=19), while those who scored below the 25th percentile were assigned to an MDD-MA group (n=18). All patients in the 2 groups received antidepressant treatment. Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) images of all the patients were collected at baseline and the end of 6-months treatment. Graph theory was applied to analyze the patients' cerebral functional nodal characteristics, which were measured by efficiency (ei) and degree (ki).@*RESULTS@#Repeated measures 2-factor ANCOVA showed significant main effects on group on the ei and ki values of left superior frontal gyrus (LSFG) (P=0.003 and P=0.008, respectively), and on the ei and ki values of left medial orbital-frontal gyrus (LMOFG) (P=0.004 and P=0.008, respectively). Compared with the MDD-MA group, the significantly higher ei and ki values of the LSFG (P=0.015 and P=0.021, respectively), and the significantly higher ei and ki values of the LMOFG (P=0.015 and P=0.037, respectively) were observed in the MDD-SA group at baseline. Meanwhile, higher SHAPS scores could result in higher ei and ki values of LSFG (P=0.019 and P=0.026, respectively), and higher ei value of LMOFG (P=0.040) at baseline; higher SHAPS scores could result in higher ei values of LSFG (P=0.049) at the end of 6-months treatment. The multiple linear regression analysis revealed that sex were negatively correlated with the ei and ki values of LSFG (r= -0.014, P=0.004; r=-1.153, P=0.001, respectively). The onset age of MDD was negatively correlated with the ki value of LSFG (r=-0.420, P=0.034) at the end of 6-months treatment. We also found that SHAPS scores at baseline were positively correlated with the HAMD-24 scores (r=0.387, P=0.022) at the end of 6-months treatment.@*CONCLUSIONS@#There are obvious differences in nodal properties between the MDD-SA and the MDD-MA patients, such as the high ei of LSFG in the MDD-SA patients, which may be associated with the severity of anhedonia. These nodal properties could be potential biomarkers for the prognosis of MDD. The increased ei and ki values in the LSFG of MDD-SA patients may underlie a compensatory mechanism or protective mechanism. The mechanism may be an important component of the pathological mechanism of MDD-SA. The poor prognosis in the MDD-SA patients suggests that anhedonia may predict a worse prognosis in MDD patients. Sex and onset age of MDD may affect the nodal properties of LSFG at baseline and the end of 6-months treatment.

Research progress of self-disclosure in patients with chronic diseases / 中国实用护理杂志

Self-disclosure is a simple and effective intervention to improve the health outcomes of patients. Foreign scholars have paid attention to it and applied it in the self-management of patients with chronic diseases widely. However, there are few domestic related studies in China. This article reviewed the definition, significance, assessment tools, and summarized the influencing factors and intervention studies of self-disclosure in patients with chronic diseases. It would provide references for research of self-disclosure, further improving the self-management and mental health of patients with chronic diseases.

High-resolution magnetic resonance imaging vascular wall characteristics and risk of ischemic stroke in patients with middle cerebral artery atherosclerotic stenosis / 国际脑血管病杂志

Objective:To investigate the correlation between the high-resolution magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) vessel wall characteristics and risk of ischemic stroke in patients with middle cerebral artery (MCA) atherosclerotic stenosis.Methods:Patients with ischemic cerebrovascular disease treated in the Department of Neurology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University from January 2016 to January 2020 were enrolled prospectively. The patients presented with transient ischemic attack or acute ischemic stroke (AIS). Magnetic resonance angiography showed that the ipsilateral MCA had stenosis of 50%-99%, and it was identified as the responsible lesion. Routine MRI and the vessel wall imaging at the narrowest part of MCA were performed. The characteristics of vessels and plaques at MCA stenosis were compared between the AIS group and the non-AIS group. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to determine the independent risk factors for AIS. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to determine the predictive value of vessel wall characteristics for AIS. Results:A total of 65 patients with ischemic cerebrovascular disease and MCA stenosis were enrolled. The age of patients was 68±14 years, 50 were males (76.9%). There were 30 patients (46.2%) in the AIS group and 35 (53.8%) in the non-AIS group. There were no significant differences in demographic data, vascular risk factors and routine laboratory tests between the two groups. Compared with the non-AIS group, the narrowest lumen area in the AIS group (2.36±1.09 mm 2vs. 2.96±1.01 mm 2; t=2.274, P=0.027) was smaller, the plaque area (4.46 ±2.08 mm 2vs. 2.62±1.32 mm 2; t=4.315, P<0.001) was larger, the remodeling index (1.08±0.11 vs. 0.94±0.10; t=5.573, P<0.001) was higher, and the proportion of obvious enhanced plaque (63.3% vs. 11.4%; χ2=19.034, P<0.001) and positive remodeling plaque (80.0% vs. 20.0%; χ2=23.311, P<0.001) were higher. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that plaque area (odds ratio [ OR] 2.01, 95% confidence interval[ CI] 1.35-2.98; P=0.001), remodeling pattern ( OR 16.00, 95% CI 4.73-54.15; P=0.001), the narrowest lumen area ( OR 0.568, 95% CI 0.34-0.96; P=0.033) and degree of enhancement ( OR 21.85, 95% CI 5.13-93.00; P<0.001) were the independent risk factors for AIS. ROC curve analysis showed that the combination of plaque area, the narrowest lumen area and the degree of enhancement had the best prediction effect (area under the curve 0.927, 95% CI 0.84-0.96). Conclusion:AIS is more likely to occur when the plaque area at the narrowest part of the MCA is larger, the lumen area is smaller, and there is obvious plaque enhancement.

Influence of obesity and gender on the dynamic and static balance in children aged 8-10 years / 中国学校卫生

Objective@#To explore characteristics of dynamic and static balance of children aged 8 to 10 years, and to provide a reference for prevention of injuries caused by physical activities among obese children and the choice of facilities for physical activities.@*Methods@#Totally 100 obese children and 100 normal children were selected as the subjects by one legged jumps from 5 primary schools in economic and technological development district of Hefei, the proportion of male and female children was 1∶1 in each group. IIM-BAL-100 balance tester was used to assess the static balance ability under double feet standing with eyes closed and right foot standing with eyes opened. The dynamic balance of double feet standing with eyes opened was measured by the Balance check dynamic balance tester. Two factor analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to examine the effect of obesity and gender on the dynamic and the static balance.@*Results@#In the static balance ability, when standing with both eyes closed, there was no significant difference in all static balance values between groups, genders and the interaction between the two factors( F=2.33, 0.42 ,0.76, P >0.05). When standing on one foot with eyes opened, there was significant difference in the static equilibrium index between the groups and the gender( F=2.72, 3.07, P <0.05). In terms of dynamic balance ability, all the dynamic balance indexes had statistically significant differences among the groups( F=43.67, P <0.01).@*Conclusion@#Obesity can significantly reduce the ability of single leg static balance and dynamic balance in 8-10 year old children. Sex can significantly affect the single foot static balance ability of 8-10 year old children, but it has little effect on the dynamic balance ability of 8-10 year old children.

A scoping review of exercise in patients with inflammatory bowel disease / 中国实用护理杂志

Objective:Scope review of exercise-related research in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), while pointing out the limitations of existing research, and providing references for future studies in this area.Methods:We searched PubMed, EMBASE, Web of science, Cochrane databases, China Biology Medicine, Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure, Wan Fang Data, and Chinese Science Journal Database for studies related to exercise intervention in patients with IBD from January 1974 to July 2020. We extracted data from the included studies. Then we summarized and presented the results.Results:16 articles were finally included, of which 14 were randomized controlled trials and 2 were quasi-experimental studies. Results show that exercise methods can be divided into four categories: aerobic exercise, resistance exercise, flexibility exercise and mixed exercise. The intensity of exercise was mostly low to moderate. The frequency of exercise was mostly 3 times/week, lasting for 30-60 minutes per session. The results showed that exercise had positive effects on physical fitness, bone density, anxiety and depression, quality of life among patients with IBD. However, the effect of exercise on disease activity are diverse.Conclusion:exercise is beneficial to the mental and physical health among this group, but the existing studies have small sample sizes, short exercise intervention period, neglect of individualization in exercise prescription design, low exercise compliance, non-uniformity of exercise effect evaluation indicators.

Mental health status of patients with coronavirus disease 2019 in Changsha / 中南大学学报(医学版)

OBJECTIVES@#The epidemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) brought psychological stress to the public, especially to patients. This study aims to investigate the mental health of patients with COVID-19 in Changsha.@*METHODS@#We took cross-section investigation for the mental health of 112 patients with COVID-19 via questionnaires. Mann-Whitney test, Chi-square test, and Fisher's exact test were performed to compare general and clinical data between the slight-ordinary patients and severe patients. Single sample -tests were used to compare the difference between the factor scores of the Symptom Check-List 90 (SCL-90) in COVID-19 patients with the norm of 2015 and factor scores of SCL-90 in patients with the severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS).@*RESULTS@#The obsessive-compulsive, depression, sleep and eating disorders had the highest frequency among the positive symptoms of SCL-90 in patients with COVID-19 in Changsha. The factor scores of somatization, depression, anxiety, phobia anxiety, sleep and eating disorders in patients with COVID-19 were higher than those of the norm (≤0.001 or 0.05).@*CONCLUSIONS@#The levels of somatization, depression, anxiety, phobia anxiety, sleep and eating disorders in patients with COVID-19 in Changsha are higher than those of the norm. However, the mental health of slight-ordinary patients with COVID-19 is better than that of patients with SARS. It needs to provide targeting psychological interventions depending on the severity of patients.

Occurrence of deep venous thrombosis in adult burn patients and its risk factors / 中华烧伤杂志

Objective@#To investigate the occurrence and risk factors of deep venous thrombosis (DVT) in adult burn patients.@*Methods@#The clinical data of 1 219 adult burn patients admitted to the Department of Burns of Zhengzhou First People′s Hospital from January 1, 2015 to August 31, 2016, conforming to the study criteria, were analyzed retrospectively by the method of case-control study, including 811 males and 408 females, aged 18-102 years. According to whether DVT occurred during hospitalization or not, the patients were divided into group DVT (n=12) and non-DVT group (n=1 207). The incidence of DVT, the diagnosis time of DVT, affected limbs, and DVT classification were counted and recorded. The gender, age, total burn area, D-dimer, lower limb burn, full-thickness burn, femoral vein indwelling central venous catheter (CVC) , inhalation injury, sepsis/infection shock, surgical operation, and infusion of concentrated red blood cells of patients between the two groups were compared with chi-square test, and then the indicators with statistically significant differences between the two groups were processed by multivariate binary logistic regression analysis to screen the independent risk factors of DVT in the adult burn patients.@*Results@#(1) The incidence of DVT of adult burn patients was 0.98% (12/1 219), and DVT was diagnosed 24-138 days after injury, with a median of 61.5 days. DVT occurred in the right lower limb of 2 patients, left lower limb of 8 patients, and bilateral lower limbs of 2 patients, and DVT classification included 6 cases of mixed type and 6 cases of peripheral type. (2) There were no statistically significant differences in gender, age, and full-thickness burn of patients between the two groups ( χ2=1.524, 0.021, 3.115, P>0.05). There were statistically significant differences in total burn area, lower limb burn, inhalation injury, sepsis/infection shock, D-dimer, femoral vein indwelling CVC, surgical operation, and infusion of concentrated red blood cells among patients between the two groups (χ2=17.975, 6.206, 3.987, 8.875, 5.447, 15.124, 10.735, 14.031, P<0.05 or P<0.01). (3) Total burn area, D-dimer, and femoral vein indwelling CVC were independent risk factors for DVT in adult burn patients (odds ratio=10.927, 4.762, 9.394, 95% confidence interval=3.078-38.789, 1.197-18.934, 2.631-33.540, P<0.05 or P<0.01).@*Conclusions@#The incidence of DVT in adult burn patients is relatively low, and the diagnosis time of DVT is 3 weeks after burn, with DVT classification of mixed type and peripheral type. The total burn area, femoral vein indwelling CVC, and D-dimer are independent risk factors for predicting DVT in adult burn patients.

Morphological measurement and differential analysis of anterior teeth basing on cone beam computed tomography / 中华医学美学美容杂志

Objective:To investigate the labial surface angle and Collum angle of anterior teeth using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT), and to provide guidance for proper setting of torque for avoiding alveolar fenestration and dehiscence.Methods:CBCT data of 200 patients (66 males, age ranging from 18 to 40 years, with average 26.7 years) were screened and imported into Invivo 5.4, the middle labio-lingual sections of anterior teeth were obtained, and the Collum angle and labial surface angle were measured respectively. One-way ANOVA was used to analyze the discrepancies of the two measurements among teeth. Pearson correlation analysis was performed to detect the association between the two measurements.Results:The Collum angles (labial surface angles) in upper central incisor, lateral incisor, canine and lower central incisor, lateral incisor and canine were 0.17±5.11° (15.50±2.91°), -5.67±5.74° (15.52±3.50°), -5.56±4.67° (20.07±3.66°), -3.97±4.49° (14.40±3.20°), -6.50±4.03° (14.76±3.25°), -3.70±4.91° (18.27±3.07°) respectively; the positive Collum angles indicated the lingually bent root relative to crown, while the negative indicated the labially bent root. The labial surface angles in upper and lower canine were significantly larger than that of intra-arch central and lateral incisors ( P<0.001). On the contrary, no significant differences were detected between central and lateral incisors in the maxilla and mandible ( P>0.05, P>0.05). Moreover, except for the maxillary central incisor, the Collum angle and labial surface angle were positively correlated. Conclusions:The values of Collum angle among anterior teeth are significantly different, and the obvious lingual-bent root are more likely accompanied with the greater labial surface curve, which might cause variable torqueing and be necessary to elevate before treatment.

Manifestations of liver injury in 333 hospitalized patients with coronavirus disease 2019 / 中华消化杂志

Objective:To investigate the manifestations of liver injury in hospitalized patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), to investigate the prognosis indicators of the disease, and to provide the reference for clinical diagnosis and treatment.Methods:From January 10 to February 14, 2020, at Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, the data of 333 hospitalized patients with COVID-19 were collected. The changes of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), total bilirubin (TBil), direct bilirubin (DBil), indirect bilirubin (IBil) and albumin of the first liver function test after admission and the reexaminations of liver function test during hospitalization period in patients with liver injury were retrospectively analyzed. Student t test and Chi-square test were used for statistical analysis. Results:Liver injury occurred in 39.6% (132/333) of COVID-19 patients. There was no statistically significant difference in the rate of liver injury between patients in intensive care unit (ICU) and in general ward (45.6%, 26/57 vs. 38.4%, 106/276; χ2=1.026, P>0.05). 67.4% (89/132) of COVID-19 patients with liver injury presented with increased ALT or AST level on admission. During hospitalization, the level of ALT was higher than that of the first examination after admission ((60.28±50.44) U/L vs. (42.25±32.21) U/L), and the difference was statistically significant ( t=-3.230, P<0.05). The levels of ALT and AST of 71.2% (94/132) patients were both <80 U/L, which indicated that most of the patients showed mild liver injury. The patients with elevated level of TBil, DBil and IBil accounted for 3.9% (13/333), 5.4% (18/333) and 2.4% (8/333) of the COVID-19 patients, respectively. The albumin level of COVID-19 patients with liver injury during hospitalization was lower than that of the first examination after admission ((31.8±5.1) g/L vs. (33.7±5.4) g/L), and the difference was statistically significant ( t=2.712, P<0.05). The albumin levels at first examination on admission and reexamination during hospitalization of patients in ICU were both significantly lower than those of patients in general ward ((29.3±3.7) g/L vs. (34.8±5.1) g/L and (27.6±2.8) g/L vs. (32.9±5.1) g/L), and the differences were statistically significant ( t=4.928 and 4.783, both P<0.05). Conclusions:The incidence of liver injury in COVID-19 patients is high. A slight increase in aminotransferase levels is particularly common. Bilirubin abnormality is relatively rare and mild. The level of albumin may be one of the indicators for the severity and prognosis of COVID-19.

Arterial stiffness and its impact on prognosis in patients with stage 3-5 chronic kidney disease(pre-dialysis) / 中国实用内科杂志

OBJECTIVE: To assess the impact of arterial stiffness on prognosis in patients with chronic kidney disease(CKD)stages 3-5(pre-dialysis).METHODS: 141 patients suffered from chronic kidney disease(CKD)stages 3-5 pre-dialysis were enrolled in this study between April 2006 and November 2010.Automatic pulse wave velocity(PWV)measuring system was used to examine carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity(CFPWV).According to CFPWV level,we divided the patients into elevated CFPWV group(CFPWV ≥12 m/s)and the normal group(CFPWV<12 m/s).Patients were followed up for the occurrence of cardiovascular event,cardiovascular death and all-cause death.Kaplan-Meier methods were used for survival analysis and Cox's proportional hazard regression model were used to analyze risk factors.RESULTS: Two groups were followed-up(93.72±47.93)months.The incidences of cardiac-cerebral vascular event,cardiac-cerebral vascular death and all-cause death were higher in high CFPWV level groups(62.2%vs.21.6%,56.7%vs.15.7%,64.4%vs.19.6%,P<0.05).The level of CFPWV was higher in patients with cardiac-cerebral vascular event,cardiac-cerebral vascular death and all-cause death than those without those events[(15.31±3.41)m/s vs.(12.08±2.94)m/s,(15.66±3.40)m/s vs.(12.14±2.88)m/s,(15.38±3.38)m/s vs.(11.97±2.87)m/s,P<0.01].Kaplan-Meier curve for overall survivals and cardiac-cerebral vascular event free survivals showed a significant distinct between high and normal CFPWV level groups,suggesting that the incidence of cardiac-cerebral vascular events,cardiac-cerebral vascular mortality and all-cause mortality were significantly higher in high CFPWV level group than in normal CFPWV group(P=0.000).Multivariate Cox regression analysis revealed that increased CFPWV and commencing dialysis were the independent risk factors for cardiac-cerebral vascular event,increased CFPWV and CRP and decreased ALB and commencing dialysis were the independent risk factors for cardiac-cerebral vascular mortality and all-cause mortality(P<0.05).CONCLUSION: The levels of CFPWV in pre-dialysis chronic kidney disease(CKD)stage 3-5 patients increases significantly.The incidence of cardiac-cerebral vascular events,cardiac-cerebral vascular mortality and all-cause mortality are significantly higher in elevated CFPWV group than those of normal group in patients with CKD G3-5.The elevated CFPWV is one of independent risk factors of cardiac-cerebral vascular event,cardiac-cerebral vascular mortality and all-cause mortality in patients with pre-dialysis chronic kidney disease.

Magnetic resonance spectroscopy and the Loewenstein assessment for evaluating cognition after a stroke / 中华物理医学与康复杂志

Objective To explore the cognitive impairment of stroke survivors using magnetic resonance spectra (MRS) and the Loewenstein occupational therapy cognitive assessment (LOTCA),and to analyze their correlation and their clinical significance.Methods Thirty stroke survivors diagnosed with cognitive impairment using the mini-mental state examination formed a cognitive impairment group.Another 30 stroke survivors without cognitive impairment served as stroke controls,while a third group of 30 healthy counterparts were the normal controls.All were assessed using magnetic resonance imaging and the LOTCA and the results were correlated.Results The average LOTCA total score and sub-scores of the impaired group were significantly lower than those of the other two groups.The average LOTCA total scores and the orientation and spatial perception,apparent motion and thinking operation sub-scores of the stroke control group were also significantly lower than those of the normal control group,though their average visual perception and motor praxis scores were not.The average levels of N-acetyl aspartate and creatine (NAA and Cr) in the bilateral hippocampus of the cognitively impaired group were significantly lower than among the controls,while their choline and creatine (Cho/Cr) levels were significantly higher.The average NAA/Cr and Cho/Cr levels in the bilateral hippocampus of the stroke control group were similarly significantly lower and higher than among the healthy controls.The average NAA/Cr levels in the left and right hippocampus were weakly to moderately correlated with the total LOTCA scores and the LOTCA sub-score for attention (r=0.376-0.661 and r=0.396-0.691 respectively).The average value of Cho/Cr in the left hippocampus showed weak to moderate negative correlation with the LOTCA total scores (r=-0.368-0.619),but not with the attention scores.The value of Cho/Cr in the right hippocampus had weak to moderate negative correlation with the LOTCA total score and with the orientation,visual perception,visuo-motor organization and thinking operations sub-scores (r=-0.391-0.632),but no obvious correlation with the scores for spatial perception,motor praxis or attention.Conclusion MRS can be used to assess the cognitive impairment of stroke survivors.MRS and LOTCA scores are closely correlated.MRS combined with LOTCA can evaluate cognitive dysfunction more comprehensively and objectively.

Effects of orexin-A on firing activity of gastric distension-sensitive neurons in the basomedial amygdala and food intake in diet-induced obese rats / 中华行为医学与脑科学杂志

Objective To investigate the effects of orexin-A on firing activity of gastric distensionsensitive (GD) neurons in the basomedial amygdala (BMA) and food intake in diet-indaced obese rats.Methods Healthy male Wistar rats were selected,and the diet-induced obesity (DIO) rat model and dietinduced resistant (DR) rat model were established by high-fat diet.The effects of orexin-A and an opioid receptor antagonist naloxone on BMA GD neurons were observed by recording the extracellular potentials of single neurons.The effects of orexin-A and naloxone on the food intake of different rats were observed by using BMA catheterization.The mRNA expression and protein expression of orexin-1 receptor (OX-1R) and μ opioid receptor were detected by real-time PCR and Elisa,respectively.Results After microinjection of orexinA into the BMA,the firing frequency of GD-sensitive neurons in the normal rats was significantly increased (GD-E:(78.3±6.9)％,GD-Ⅰ:(55.5±4.7) ％,P＜0.01),and this effect was completely blocked by OX-1R receptor antagonist SB334867,and naloxone partially blocked the discharge-promoting effect of orexin-A;Compared with the normal rats,the firing frequency of GD-sensitive neurons in the DIO (GD-E:(91.6±7.1) ％,GD-Ⅰ:(67.9±8.1) ％) and DR(GD-E:(87.9±6.8) ％,GD-Ⅰ:(69.2±5.8) ％) rats was significantly increased after BMA injection of orexin-A (P＜0.05).After administration of orexin-A into the BMA,food intake of the normal rats,DIO rats and DR rats ((2.38±0.34) g,(3.75 ±0.32) g,(4.01 ±0.38) g,respectively) was significantly increased (P＜0.01),and the food intake of DR and DIO rats were significantly higher than that of normal rats (P＜0.05).After BMA was injected with naloxone,the food intake of rats was inhibited,and the food intake of the DIO rats was significantly lower than that of the DR rats (P＜0.05),food intake of the DR rats was significantly lower than that of the normal rats (P＜0.05).The results of real-time PCR showed that the mRNA levels of OX-1R in DIO and DR rats were(5.85±0.45)and (6.03±0.42)were higher than that of normal rats,and the difference was significant (P＜0.05);and mRNA levels of μ-opioid receptors in DIO and DR rats((4.51±0.42) and (8.31±0.41) times) were higher than those in normal rats (P＜0.05).The results of Elisa showed that the protein levels of OX-1R in DIO ((2.98±0.28) ng/μl)and DR rats ((3.05±0.31) ng/μl) were higher than those in normal rats ((1.53±0.31) ng/μl,P＜0.05).The content of μ-opioid receptor protein in DR rats ((4.21±0.35) ng/μl) was higher than that of DIO rats ((2.77±0.27) ng/μl),and higher than that of normal rats((1.48±0.32) ng/μ),the difference was significant (P＜0.05).Conclusion BMA orexin-A promotes the spontaneous discharge of GD-sensitive neurons and food intake in normal rats,DIO rats and DR rats,μ-opioid receptors may be involved in the regulation of this process.

Impact of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation on executive dysfunction after stroke / 实用医学杂志

Objective To explore the impact of low frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimula tion (rTMS) on executive dysfunction after stroke by magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) and neuropsychological scale.Methods 60 stroke patients with executive dysfunction were recruited and randomly divided into a study group and a control group,with 30 in each.The study group was treated with rTMS in addition to routine treatment,while the control group received routine treatment only.Before and after treatment,the neuropsychological scale and MRS were measured in both groups.Results After treatment,the scores on the LOTCA and FAB of neuropsychological scale in the treatment group were (87.10 ± 3.16) and (11.97 ± 0.48),significantly better than before the baselines.NAA/Cr was (1.64 ± 0.08) and Cho/Cr was (1.17 ± 0.07),which were significantly better than the baselines.In the control group,significant differences were also observed in the scores of the neuropsychological scale and in the indicators of MRS before and after treatment.Conclusions rTMS can effectively improve executive function in patients with cerebral apoplexy by influencing the metabolites related with cognitive function in the brain.Magnetic resonance spectroscopy can show the therapeutic effect at molecular level.

Simultaneous Determination of 5 Components in Shuganning Injections by HPLC / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE:To develop a method for the simultaneous determination of 5 components in Shuganning injections. METHODS:HPLC method was adopted. The determination was performed on Symmetry? C18 column with mobile phase consisted of methanol-0.4% phosphoric acid(gradient elution)at the flow rate of 1.0 mL/min. The detection wavlengths were set at 238 nm (geniposide,baicalin) and 327 nm (chlorogenic acid,baicalein,scutellarin). The column temperature was 30 ℃ and the sample size was 10 μL. RESULTS:The linear ranges were 0.4062-26.0 μg/mL for chlorogenic acid(r=0.9999),2.5000-160.0 μg/mL for geniposide (r=0.9999),6.5620-420.0 μg/mL for baicalin (r=0.9999),0.3125-20.0 μg/mL for baicalein (r=0.9996), 0.5859-37.5 μg/mL for scutellarin (r=0.9998). The limits of quantify were no higher than 31.20 ng,limits of detection were no higher than 15.60 ng. RSDs of precision, stability and reproducibility tests were lower than 2.0% ;the recoveries were 97.72%-101.10%(RSD=1.21%,n=6),97.67%-102.40%(RSD=1.87%,n=6),97.64%-101.10%(RSD=1.31%,n=6), 96.45%-100.10%(RSD=1.47%,n=6),96.16%-101.10%(RSD=1.69%,n=6),respectively. CONCLUSIONS:The method is simple,precise,stable and reproducible,and can be used for simultaneous determination of 5 components in Shuganning injection.

The application of domestic nanometer activated carbon in the radical operation for early stage low-lying rectal cancer / 中国癌症杂志

Background and purpose:This study aimed to estimate the spike-effect of domestic nanometer activated carbon on the radical operation for early stage low-lying rectal cancer. Methods:From Jan. 2013 to Dec. 2015, 66 patients with early stage low-lying rectal cancer were randomly divided into two groups:study group and control group. The patients of study group were treated with injection of carbon nanoparticles suspension in tumor vicinity before the operation. This study compared the total number of lymph node, the scale percentage of micro lymph node between two groups. SLNs of study group were obtained for pathological examination. Results:The differences in the total number of lymph node and the scale percentage of micro lymph node between two groups were statistically signiifcant (P<0.05). The diagnostic sensitivity and false-negative rate were 90.9%and 3.8%, respectively. Conclusion:Local injection of nanometer activated carbon around the tumor is important to the metastasis lymph node resection, especially to SLN biopsy in the radical operation for rectal cancer.

Inhibition of calpain on oxygen glucose deprivation-induced RGC-5 necroptosis / 华中科技大学学报（医学）（英德文版）

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of inhibition of calpain on retinal ganglion cell-5 (RGC-5) necroptosis following oxygen glucose deprivation (OGD). RGC-5 cells were cultured in Dulbecco's-modified essential medium and necroptosis was induced by 8-h OGD. PI staining and flow cytometry were performed to detect RGC-5 necrosis. The calpain expression was detected by Western blotting and immunofluorescence staining. The calpain activity was tested by activity detection kit. Flow cytometry was used to detect the effect of calpain on RGC-5 necroptosis following OGD with or without N-acetyl-leucyl-leucyl-norleucinal (ALLN) pre-treatment. Western blot was used to detect the protein level of truncated apoptosis inducing factor (tAIF) in RGC-5 cells following OGD. The results showed that there was an up-regulation of the calpain expression and activity following OGD. Upon adding ALLN, the calpain activity was inhibited and tAIF was reduced following OGD along with the decreased number of RGC-5 necroptosis. In conclusion, calpain was involved in OGD-induced RGC-5 necroptosis with the increased expression of its downstream molecule tAIF.